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Genie Energy Announces Third Quarter 2025 Results

Newark, NJ , Nov. 03, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- : Genie Energy, Ltd. (NYSE: GNE), a leading retail energy and renewable energy solutions provider, today announced results for the third quarter of 2025. 

Michael Stein, Chief Executive Officer of Genie Energy, commented: 

"Genie Energy achieved another quarter of double-digit topline growth to attain record third quarter revenue. The revenue increase was fueled by an increase in per meter electricity consumption, rising commodity prices, and RCE base growth at Genie Retail Energy (GRE). However, the challenging market conditions that impacted GRE's second quarter results persisted and again weighed on our bottom-line.

"At GRE, we continued to prioritize acquisition of high consumption electric meters. In the third quarter, we grew our electricity customer base to approximately 318,000 RCEs, representing a year-over-year increase of 5.4%. While our gas book contracted, on a combined basis for both electricity and gas, we increased total RCEs 4.2% to 396,000 while total meters increased 0.8% to 402,000. GREs third quarter Adjusted EBITDA1 decreased from the year ago level as increasing commodity costs continued to pressure margins.

"At Genie Renewables (GREW), we should be just days away from turning on Genie Solar's Lansing community solar project, and we expect it to begin generating revenue in the fourth quarter. In addition, we made good progress on the build-out of our Perry, NY array. For the remainder of Genie Solar's generation pipeline, we continue to evaluate potential paths forward in light of the changes in federal energy policy enacted earlier this year. Meanwhile, our portfolio of operating solar projects is performing well.

"Diversegy, our energy advisory and brokerage business, continued its impressive revenue and bottom-line expansion for the third straight quarter, and we expect that trend will continue. GREWs financial results were also significantly impacted by our investments in several exciting early-stage growth initiatives.

"During the third quarter, we continued to return value to our stockholders, repurchasing approximately 124,000 shares for $2.0 million and paying our regular quarterly dividend of $0.075 per share while further strengthening our balance sheet.

"Looking ahead, we expect that GREs margin environment will gradually become more favorable in the fourth quarter and into 2026. For the full year 2025, we expect to achieve our annual guidance range of $40 million to $50 million in Adjusted EBITDA, albeit at the low end of the range."

Third Quarter 2025 Highlights

 (Unless otherwise noted, 3Q25 results are compared to 3Q24).

  • Revenue increased 23.6% to $138.3 million from $111.9 million;
  • Gross profit decreased 20.8% to $30.0 million from $37.9 million; Gross margin decreased to 21.7% from 33.9%;
  • Income from operations decreased to $6.9 million from $11.7 million;
  • Adjusted EBITDA1 decreased to $8.2 million from $13.6 million;
  • Net income attributable to Genie common stockholders and income per diluted share (EPS) attributable to Genie common stockholders of $6.7 million and $ 0.26 compared to $10.2 million and $ 0.38, respectively;
  • Non-GAAP net income attributable to Genie common stockholders1 and non-GAAP EPS attributable to Genie common stockholders1 of $7.1 million and $0.27 compared to $10.9 million and $0.41, respectively;
  • Cash and cash equivalents, short and long-term restricted cash, and marketable equity securities totaled $206.6 million at September 30, 2025;
  • Genie repurchased approximately 124 thousand shares of its Class B Common stock for $2.0 million during 3Q25;
  • Genie will pay a $0.075 per share quarterly dividend to Class A and Class B common stockholders on or about November 19, 2025, with a record date of November 10th.

  1Adjusted EBITDA, Non-GAAP net income attributable to Genie common stockholders, and Non-GAAP EPS attributable to Genie common stockholders for all periods presented are non-GAAP measures intended to provide useful information that supplements the core operating results in accordance with GAAP for Genie Energy or the relevant segment. Please refer to the Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures at the end of this release for an explanation of these non-GAAP metrics, as well as reconciliations to its most directly comparable GAAP measures.

Select Financial Metrics

(in millions except for EPS. Numbers may not add due to rounding)   3Q25     3Q24     Change    
Total revenue   $ 138.3     $ 111.9       23.6   %  
Genie Retail Energy   $ 132.4     $ 105.8       25.1   %  
Electricity   $ 126.6     $ 100.7       25.7   %  
Natural gas   $ 5.8     $ 5.1       14.7   %  
Others   $     $ 0.1       (100.0   )%  
Genie Renewables   $ 6.0     $ 6.1       (2.7   )%  
Gross profit   $ 30.0     $ 37.9       (20.8   )%  
Gross margin     21.7 %     33.9 %     (1,220   ) bps  
Genie Retail Energy     20.8 %     33.8 %     (1,300   ) bps  
Genie Renewables     41.3 %     34.9 %     640   bps   
Income from operations   $ 6.9     $ 11.7       (40.6   )%  
Operating margin     5.0 %     10.4 %     (540 ) bps  
Net income from continuing operations   $ 6.7     $ 10.3       (34.3   )%  
Net income attributable to Genie common stockholders   $ 6.7     $ 10.2       (33.9   )%  
Diluted earnings per share   $ 0.26     $ 0.38     $ (0.12   )  
Non-GAAP net income attributable to Genie common stockholders   $ 7.1     $ 10.9       (35.0   )%  
Non-GAAP diluted earnings per share   $ 0.27     $ 0.41     $ (0.14   )  
Adjusted EBITDA   $ 8.2     $ 13.6       (39.5   )%  
Cash flow from continuing operating activities   $ 13.9     $ 22.9       (39.2   )%  

Segment Highlights

Genie Retail Energy (GRE)
GRE's 3Q25 revenue increased 25.1% to $132.4 million from $105.8 million in 3Q24 primarily reflecting increased consumption from customer base growth. Income from operations decreased 32.4% to $10.2 million from $15.0 million, and Adjusted EBITDA decreased 32.2% to $10.5 million from $15.5 million. The decreases primarily reflect increased commodity costs absorbed by GRE compared to 3Q24 driven by increased wholesale commodity prices, and amplified by unseasonably hot weather in some service markets during the quarter, and by the impacts of a twelve-month, lower-margin municipal aggregation deal that will expire in 4Q25.

GRE Operational Metrics

(RCEs and Meters in thousands at end of period)*   3Q25     3Q24     Change  
RCEs     396       380       4.2 %
Electricity     318       302       5.4 %
Natural gas     78       79       (0.7 )%
Meters     402       399       0.8 %
Electricity     316       311       1.5 %
Natural gas     86       87       (1.6 )%
Gross meter additions during the period     47       104       (54.7 )%
Churn**     5.1 %     5.6 %     (8.9 )%


* Numbers may not add due to rounding
** Excludes the impacts of aggregation deal expirations

Genie Renewables (GREW)

GREW's third quarter revenue decreased 2.7% to $6.0 million from $6.1 million in 3Q24, as continued strong growth at Diversegy was offset by last year's move away from commercial project development at Genie Solar. Diversegy, Genie's energy brokerage and advisory business, increased revenue by 35% year-over-year. GREW's loss from operations increased to $0.3 million from $0.2 million in 3Q24 reflecting increased investment in new business initiatives.

Following recent changes accelerating the phaseout of the federal investment tax credits for solar projects, Genie Solar has removed some early-stage projects from its pipeline, and has paused new project development.

Balance Sheet Highlights

As of September 30, 2025, Genie reported cash and cash equivalents, short and long-term restricted cash, and marketable equity securities of $206.6 million.

Total assets as of September 30, 2025 were $394.1 million. Liabilities totaled $205.3 million, and working capital (current assets less current liabilities) totaled $113.3 million. 

Trended Financial Information*

(in millions except EPS)**   1Q24     2Q24     3Q24     4Q24     1Q25     2Q25     3Q25     2023     2024  
Total Revenue   $ 119.7     $ 90.7     $ 111.9     $ 102.9     $ 136.8     $ 105.3     $ 138.3     $ 428.7     $ 447.1  
Genie Retail Energy   $ 112.5     $ 86.7     $ 105.8     $ 98.4     $ 132.5     $ 99.0     $ 132.4     $ 409.9     $ 425.2  
Electricity   $ 89.4     $ 78.3     $ 100.7     $ 82.1     $ 104.1     $ 89.9     $ 126.6     $ 350.8     $ 350.5  
Natural gas   $ 22.4     $ 8.4     $ 5.1     $ 16.2     $ 28.4     $ 9.1     $ 5.8     $ 56.0     $ 52.1  
Others   $ 0.7     $ 0.0     $ 0.1     $ 0.0     $ 0.0     $     $     $ 3.1     $ 0.7  
Genie Renewables   $ 7.2     $ 4.0     $ 6.1     $ 4.5     $ 4.3     $ 6.3     $ 6.0     $ 18.8     $ 21.9  
Gross Profit   $ 33.8     $ 33.3     $ 37.9     $ 33.5     $ 37.4     $ 23.5     $ 30.0     $ 146.2     $ 138.5  
Genie Retail Energy   $ 32.2     $ 32.3     $ 35.8     $ 31.9     $ 35.9     $ 21.3     $ 27.6     $ 143.4     $ 132.2  
Genie Renewables   $ 1.6     $ 1.1     $ 2.1     $ 1.5     $ 1.5     $ 2.2     $ 2.5     $ 2.8     $ 6.3  
Gross Margin     28.2 %     36.8 %     33.9 %     32.5 %     27.3 %     22.3 %     21.7 %     34.1 %     31.0 %
Genie Retail Energy     28.6 %     37.2 %     33.8 %     32.4 %     27.1 %     21.5 %     20.8 %     35.0 %     31.1 %
Genie Renewables     22.0 %     26.8 %     34.9 %     33.9 %     33.7 %     34.5 %     41.3 %     15.1 %     29.0 %
Income (loss) from operations   $ 9.8     $ 10.6     $ 11.7     $ (20.8 )   $ 12.8     $ 2.0     $ 6.9     $ 10.0     $ 11.3  
Operating margin     8.2 %     11.6 %     10.4 %     (20.2 )%     9.4 %     1.9 %     5.0 %     2.3 %     2.5 %
Net income (loss) attributable to Genie common stockholders   $ 8.1     $ 9.6     $ 10.2     $ (15.3 )   $ 10.6     $ 2.8     $ 6.7     $ 13.9     $ 12.6  
Diluted earnings (loss) per share   $ 0.30     $ 0.36     $ 0.38     $ (0.58 )   $ 0.40     $ 0.11     $ 0.26     $ 0.74     $ 0.3  
Adjusted EBITDA   $ 11.7     $ 12.0     $ 13.6     $ 11.1     $ 14.41     $ 3.0     $ 8.2     $ 58.2     $ 48.5  

*Some Genie Retail Energy International (GREI) operations have been classified as a discontinued operation and their results excluded from current and historical results

**Numbers may not add due to rounding

Earnings Announcement and Supplemental Information

At 8:30 AM Eastern this morning, Genie Energy’s management will host a conference call to discuss the Company's financial and operational results, business outlook, and strategy. The call will begin with management’s remarks, followed by Q&A with investors.

To participate in the conference call, dial 1-888-506-0062 (toll-free from the US) or 1-973-528-0011 (international) and provide the following participant access code: 350498.

Approximately three hours after the call, a call replay will be accessible by dialing 1-877-481-4010 (toll-free from the US) or 1-919-882-2331 (international) and providing the replay passcode: 53115. The replay will remain available through Monday, November 17, 2025. In addition, a recording of the call will be available for playback on the “Investors” section of the Genie Energy website.

About Genie Energy Ltd.

Genie Energy Ltd., (NYSE: GNE) is a leading retail energy and renewable energy solutions provider. The Genie Retail Energy division (GRE) supplies electricity, including electricity from renewable resources, and natural gas to residential and small business customers in the United States. The Genie Renewables division's (GREW) holdings include Genie Solar, a vertically-integrated provider of community and utility-scale solar energy solutions, and Diversegy, an energy procurement advisor. For more information, visit Genie.com.

In this press release, all statements that are not purely about historical facts, including, but not limited to, those in which we use the words "believe," "anticipate," "expect," "plan," "intend," "estimate, "target" and similar expressions, are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. While these forward-looking statements represent our current judgment of what may happen in the future, actual results may differ materially from the results expressed or implied by these statements due to numerous important factors, including, but not limited to, those described in our most recent report on SEC Form 10-K (under the headings "Risk Factors" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations"), which may be revised or supplemented in subsequent reports on SEC Forms 10-Q and 8-K. We are under no obligation, and expressly disclaim any obligation, to update the forward-looking statements in this press release, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

Contact

Bill Ulrey
Investor Relations
Genie Energy, Ltd.
wulrey@genie.com


GENIE ENERGY LTD.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except per share amounts)

    September 30,     December 31,  
    2025     2024  
    (Unaudited)          
Assets                
Current assets:                
Cash and cash equivalents   $ 109,280     $ 104,456  
Restricted cash—short-term     26,194       26,608  
Marketable equity securities     472       357  
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $7,451 and $8,086 at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively     58,983       61,858  
Inventory     20,865       12,188  
Prepaid expenses     11,136       9,893  
Other current assets     9,831       8,493  
Current assets of discontinued operations     1,410       3,594  
Total current assets     238,171       227,447  
Restricted cash—long-term     70,678       69,580  
Property and equipment, net     30,536       25,246  
Goodwill     12,866       12,749  
Other intangibles, net     2,092       2,367  
Deferred income tax assets, net     7,055       7,055  
Other assets     27,197       22,365  
Noncurrent assets of discontinued operations     5,527       4,466  
Total assets   $ 394,122     $ 371,275  
Liabilities and equity                
Current liabilities:                
Trade accounts payable   $ 28,082     $ 31,233  
Accrued expenses     59,682       48,793  
Income taxes payable     10,259       9,196  
Current captive insurance liability     9,392       9,120  
Current debt, net     2,134       357  
Due to IDT Corporation, net     317       135  
Other current liabilities     11,310       6,393  
Current liabilities of discontinued operations     3,743       4,585  
Total current liabilities     124,919       109,812  
Noncurrent captive insurance liability     70,678       69,580  
Noncurrent debt, net     6,715       8,668  
Other liabilities     2,246       2,959  
Noncurrent liabilities of discontinued operations     741       705  
Total liabilities     205,299       191,724  
Commitments and contingencies            
Equity:                
Genie Energy Ltd. stockholders’ equity:                
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; authorized shares—10,000:                
Series 2012-A, designated shares—8,750; at liquidation preference, consisting of 0 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024            
Class A common stock, $0.01 par value; authorized shares—35,000; 1,574 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024     16       16  
Class B common stock, $0.01 par value; authorized shares—200,000; 29,323 and 29,310 shares issued and 24,970 and 25,482 shares outstanding at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively     293       293  
Additional paid-in capital     161,180       159,192  
Treasury stock, at cost, consisting of 4,353 and 3,828 shares of Class B common stock at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024     (46,217 )     (37,486 )
Accumulated other comprehensive income     4,801       3,919  
Retained earnings     78,734       64,574  
Total Genie Energy Ltd. stockholders’ equity     198,807       190,508  
Noncontrolling interests:                
Noncontrolling interests     (9,560 )     (10,174 )
Receivable from issuance of equity     (424 )     (783 )
Total noncontrolling interests     (9,984 )     (10,957 )
Total equity     188,823       179,551  
Total liabilities and equity   $ 394,122     $ 371,275  

GENIE ENERGY LTD.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)

    Three Months Ended September 30,     Nine Months Ended September 30,  
    2025     2024     2025     2024  
    (in thousands, except per share data)     (in thousands, except per share data)  
Revenues:                                
Electricity   $ 126,575     $ 100,694     $ 320,523     $ 268,390  
Natural gas     5,795       5,055       43,312       35,867  
Other     5,954       6,168       16,547       18,043  
Total revenues     138,324       111,917       380,382       322,300  
Cost of revenues     108,305       74,010       289,520       217,271  
Gross profit     30,019       37,907       90,862       105,029  
Operating expenses:                                
Selling, general and administrative (i)     22,615       25,160       67,684       70,076  
Provision for captive insurance liability     465       991       1,370       2,667  
Impairment of assets     5       80       40       199  
Income from operations     6,934       11,676       21,768       32,087  
Interest income     1,847       2,346       5,826       5,049  
Interest expense     (157 )     (22 )     (502 )     (385 )
Gain on marketable equity securities and other investments     398       122       1,071       349  
Other income (loss), net     182       56       (274 )     1,398  
Income before income taxes     9,204       14,178       27,889       38,498  
Provision for income taxes     (2,469 )     (3,924 )     (7,928 )     (10,309 )
Net income from continuing operations     6,735       10,254       19,961       28,189  
Loss from discontinued operations, net of taxes     (5 )     (25 )     (62 )     (435 )
Net income     6,730       10,229       19,899       27,754  
Net (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests, net     (13 )     30       (297 )     (179 )
Net income attributable to Genie Energy Ltd. common stockholders   $ 6,743     $ 10,199     $ 20,196     $ 27,933  
                                 
Net income (loss) attributable to Genie Energy Ltd. common stockholders                                
Continuing operations   $ 6,748     $ 10,224     $ 20,258     $ 28,368  
Discontinued operations     (5 )     (25 )     (62 )     (435 )
Net income attributable to Genie Energy Ltd. common stockholders   $ 6,743     $ 10,199     $ 20,196     $ 27,933  
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to Genie Energy Ltd. common stockholders:                                
Basic:                                
Continuing operations   $ 0.26     $ 0.38     $ 0.77     $ 1.06  
Discontinued operations                       (0.02 )
Earnings per share attributable to Genie Energy Ltd. common stockholders   $ 0.26     $ 0.38     $ 0.77     $ 1.04  
Diluted                                
Continuing operations   $ 0.26     $ 0.38     $ 0.76     $ 1.04  
Discontinued operations                       (0.01 )
Earnings per share attributable to Genie Energy Ltd. common stockholders   $ 0.26     $ 0.38     $ 0.76     $ 1.03  
                                 
Weighted-average number of shares used in calculation of earnings per share:                                
Basic     26,149       26,526       26,297       26,771  
Diluted     26,389       26,868       26,549       27,161  
                                 
Dividends declared per common share   $ 0.075     $ 0.075     $ 0.225     $ 0.225  
(i) Stock-based compensation included in selling, general and administrative expenses   $ 593     $ 567     $ 1,938     $ 1,774  

GENIE ENERGY LTD. 
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited) 

    Nine Months Ended September 30,  
    2025     2024  
    (in thousands)  
Operating activities                
Net income   $ 19,899     $ 27,754  
Net loss from discontinued operations, net of tax     (62 )     (435 )
Net income from continuing operations     19,961       28,189  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities of continuing operations:                
Stock-based compensation     1,938       1,723  
Provision for captive insurance liability     1,370       2,667  
Provision for credit losses     1,275       1,651  
Depreciation and amortization     722       646  
Impairment of assets     40       199  
Unrealized gain on marketable equity securities and investments and others, net     (1,109 )     (637 )
Inventory valuation allowance           417  
Changes in assets and liabilities:                
Trade accounts receivable     1,599       10,016  
Inventory     (8,677 )     4,593  
Prepaid expenses     (1,284 )     4,033  
Other current assets and other assets     (619 )     1,796  
Trade accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities     11,661       (12,379 )
Due to IDT Corporation, net     182       (29 )
Income taxes payable     1,064       6,289  
Net cash provided by operating activities of continuing operations     28,123       49,174  
Net cash provided by operating activities of discontinued operations     2,274       8,570  
Net cash provided by operating activities     30,397       57,744  
Investing activities                
Capital expenditures     (5,763 )     (4,025 )
Purchases of marketable equity securities and other investments     (3,917 )     (4,042 )
Improvements in investment property     (1,876 )     (934 )
Purchase of solar system facility           (1,344 )
Purchase of equity of subsidiary           (1,200 )
Proceeds from return of investments     1,173        
Net cash used in investing activities     (10,383 )     (11,545 )
Financing activities                
Dividends paid     (6,035 )     (6,171 )
Repurchases of Class B common stock     (6,605 )     (7,908 )
Repurchases of Class B common stock from employees     (2,126 )     (3,614 )
Repurchase of Class B common stock from Genie Foundation           (768 )
Net cash used in financing activities     (14,766 )     (18,461 )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash     (69 )     (120 )
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash     5,179       27,618  
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash (including cash held at discontinued operations) at beginning of period     201,958       165,479  
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (including cash held at discontinued operations) at end of the period     207,137       193,097  
Less: Cash of discontinued operations at end of period     985       1,845  
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash (excluding cash held at discontinued operations) at end of period   $ 206,152     $ 191,252  

Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures for the Third Quarter of 2025

In addition to disclosing financial results that are determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (GAAP), Genie Energy disclosed Adjusted EBITDA for GRE and on a consolidated basis, Non-GAAP Net Income Attributable to Genie Common Stockholders (Non-GAAP Net Income) and Non-GAAP Diluted Earnings per Share Attributable to Genie Common Stockholders (Non-GAAP EPS). Adjusted EBITDA, Non-GAAP Net Income and Non-GAAP EPS are non-GAAP financial measures.

Generally, a non-GAAP financial measure is a numerical measure of a company’s performance, financial position, or cash flows that either excludes or includes amounts that are not normally excluded or included in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP.

Genie’s measure of consolidated Adjusted EBITDA starts with income from operations and adds back depreciation, amortization, and stock-based compensation and deducts impairment of assets and equity in the net loss of equity method investees, net.

Genie's measures of Non-GAAP Net Income and Non-GAAP EPS start with net income attributable to Genie Energy Ltd. Common Stockholders in accordance with GAAP and add captive insurance liability and the tax effect of this adjustment. These additions are non-cash and/or non-routine items in the relevant periods.

Adjusted EBITDA, Non-GAAP Net Income and Non-GAAP EPS should be considered in addition to, not as a substitute for, or superior to, revenue, gross profit, income from operations, cash flow from operating activities, net income, basic and diluted earnings per share or other measures of liquidity and financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. In addition, Genie’s measurement of Adjusted EBITDA, Non-GAAP Net Income and Non-GAAP EPS may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies.

Management believes that Genie’s measure of Adjusted EBITDA, Non-GAAP Net Income and Non-GAAP EPS provide useful information to both management and investors by excluding certain expenses that may not be indicative of Genie’s or GRE’s core operating results. Management uses Adjusted EBITDA, non-GAAP Net Income and Non-GAAP EPS, among other measures, as relevant indicators of core operational strengths in its financial and operational decision-making.

Management also uses Adjusted EBITDA, Non-GAAP Net Income and Non-GAAP EPS to evaluate operating performance in relation to Genie’s competitors. Disclosure of these non-GAAP financial measures may be useful to investors in evaluating performance and allows for greater transparency to the underlying supplemental information used by management in its financial and operational decision-making. In addition, Genie Energy has historically reported Adjusted EBITDA and believes it is commonly used by readers of financial information in assessing performance. Therefore, the inclusion of comparative numbers provides consistency in financial reporting at this time.

Management refers to Adjusted EBITDA, Non-GAAP Net Income and Non-GAAP EPS as well as the GAAP measures revenue, gross profit, and income from operations, as well as net income, on a consolidated level to facilitate internal and external comparisons to Genie's historical operating results, in making operating decisions, for budget and planning purposes, and to form the basis upon which management is compensated.

Although depreciation and amortization are considered operating costs under GAAP, they primarily represent the non-cash current period allocation of costs associated with long-lived assets acquired or constructed in prior periods. Genie’s operating results exclusive of depreciation and amortization are therefore useful indicators of its current performance.

Stock-based compensation recognized by Genie Energy and other companies may not be comparable because of the various valuation methodologies, subjective assumptions, and the variety of types of awards that are permitted under GAAP. Stock-based compensation is excluded from Genie’s calculation of Adjusted EBITDA because management believes this allows investors to make more meaningful comparisons of the operating results of Genie’s core business with the results of other companies. However, stock-based compensation will continue to be a significant expense for Genie Energy for the foreseeable future and an important part of employees’ compensation that impacts their performance. 

Impairment of assets is a component of income (loss) from operations that is excluded from the calculation of Adjusted EBITDA. The impairment of assets is primarily dictated by events and circumstances outside the control of management that trigger an impairment analysis. While there may be similar charges in other periods, the nature and magnitude of these charges can fluctuate markedly and do not reflect the performance of Genie's continuing operations. 

Captive insurance liability is a non-cash charge incurred by Genie's insurance operations. While there may be related charges in other periods, the magnitude of these changes can fluctuate markedly and do not reflect the performance of Genie's continuing operations. Captive insurance losses are excluded from Genie's calculation of Adjusted EBITDA, Non-GAAP Net Income and Non-GAAP EPS because management believes this allows investors to make more meaningful comparisons of the operating results of Genie’s core business with the results of other companies. 

Following are the reconciliations of Adjusted EBITDA, Non-GAAP Net Income and Non-GAAP EPS on a consolidated basis to its most directly comparable GAAP measure. Adjusted EBITDA is reconciled to income from operations for Genie Energy on a consolidated basis as well as for GRE. 

Non-GAAP Reconciliation - Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA

(in millions)   1Q24     2Q24     3Q24     4Q24     1Q25     2Q25     3Q25     2023     2024  
Income (loss) from operations   $ 9.8     $ 10.6     $ 11.7     $ (20.8 )   $ 12.8     $ 2.0     $ 6.9     $ 11.3     $ 11.3  
Add back                                                                        
Captive insurance liability   $ 1.0     $ 0.6     $ 1.0     $ 30.9     $ 0.6     $ 0.3     $ 0.5     $ 33.6     $ 33.6  
Depreciation and amortization   $ 0.2     $ 0.2     $ 0.2     $ 0.2     $ 0.2     $ 0.2     $ 0.3     $ 0.9     $ 0.9  
Non-cash compensation   $ 0.7     $ 0.5     $ 0.6     $ 0.6     $ 0.7     $ 0.6     $ 0.6     $ 2.3     $ 2.3  
Impairment   $ 0.0     $ 0.1     $ 0.1     $ (0.0 )   $ 0.0     $ 0.0     $ 0.0     $ 0.2     $ 0.2  
Equity in net loss (income) of equity method investees   $ (0.1 )   $ 0.0     $ 0.0     $ 0.1     $ (0.0 )   $ (0.1 )   $ (0.0 )   $ 0.1     $ 0.1  
Adjusted EBITDA   $ 11.7     $ 12.0     $ 13.6     $ 11.1     $ 14.4     $ 3.0     $ 8.2     $ 48.5     $ 48.5  

Non-GAAP Reconciliation - GRE Adjusted EBITDA

(in millions)   3Q25     3Q24     2023     2024  
Income from operations   $ 10.2     $ 15.0     $ 71.9     $ 56.5  
Add back                                
Depreciation and amortization   $ 0.1     $ 0.1     $ 0.3     $ 0.3  
Stock-based compensation   $ 0.3     $ 0.3     $ 1.1     $ 1.1  
Impairment   $     $     $     $  
Equity in the income of equity method investees   $     $ 0.1     $     $ 0.5  
Adjusted EBITDA   $ 10.5     $ 15.5     $ 73.3     $ 58.4  

Non-GAAP Reconciliation - Consolidated Non-GAAP Net Income Attributable to Genie Energy Ltd. Common Stockholders and Non-GAAP Diluted Income Per Share

(in millions except for EPS)   3Q25     3Q24     2023     2024  
Net income attributable to Genie Energy Ltd. common stockholders   $ 6.7     $ 10.2     $ 19.2     $ 12.6  
Add back                                
Captive insurance liability   $ 0.5     $ 1.0     $ 45.1     $ 33.6  
Income tax effect of adjustment   $ (0.1 )     (0.3 )   $ (10.5 )   $ (8.8 )
Non-GAAP net income attributable to Genie Energy Ltd. common stockholders   $ 7.1     $ 10.9     $ 53.7     $ 37.4  
                                 
Diluted earnings per share   $ 0.26     $ 0.38     $ 0.74     $ 0.46  
Total adjustments   $ 0.01     $ 0.03     $ 1.33     $ 0.91  
Non-GAAP diluted earnings per share   $ 0.27     $ 0.41     $ 2.06     $ 1.38  
                                 
Weighted average number of shares used in the calculation of diluted earnings per share     26.4       26.9       26.1       27.2  

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